Great Pyramid of Giza
How did Fourth Dynasty Egypt, without iron tools, pulleys, or the wheel, quarry, transport, and stack roughly 2.3 million stone blocks — some weighing over 50 tonnes — into a structure aligned to true north within a fraction of a degree, and which exact ramp or lifting method got the largest blocks into place?
c. 2600-2560 BCE (Fourth Dynasty, reign of Khufu) · Giza, Giza Governorate, EgyptAdded July 2026